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- The German-born Polish astronomer, Nicolas Copernicus (1473 - 1543) was the
- first since Aristarchus to advance a heliocentric system. Copernicus noticed
- errors in the Ptolemaic system. The results of his investigations were published
- in 'De Revolutionibus'. Copernicus rejected the geocentric conception of the
- universe. He said the Sun was the centre of the universe, and the planets
- orbited it on circular orbits. However, not even Copernicus could refute the
- epicycle theory. According to him the planets moved around a small circle on
- their orbits. (Also the Sun moved in a small circle around a presumed central
- point.) The Earth rotated around its axis, which caused the movement of the
- stars.
-
- Copernicus was able to calculate the relative distances of the planets from the
- Sun. Moreover, he observed that the orbital velocity of planets was faster the
- closer they were to the Sun.
-